AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Technology enabling machines to mimic human intelligence, including learning, reasoning, and problem-solving.

AI-Native Products

products or services that are fundamentally designed and built from the ground up with Artificial Intelligence (AI) as their core component.

Algorithm

A set of rules or steps followed in calculations or problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.

API (Application Programming Interface)

A set of protocols for building and interacting with software applications.

AR (Augmented Reality)

An interactive experience where real-world environments are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information.

ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit)

A chip designed for a very specific purpose, often used in bitcoin mining and high-performance gaming.

Automation

The use of largely automatic equipment in a system of operation, reducing human intervention.

Autonomous

Devices or systems capable of performing tasks without human intervention.

Analytics

The systematic computational analysis of data or statistics.

Agile

A project management and software development approach based on iterative development and delivery.

Authentication

The process of verifying the identity of a user or process.

Asymmetric Encryption

A type of encryption using two different keys, one public and one private.

Avatar

A graphical representation of a user or the user's character or persona.

Applet

A small application designed to perform one specific task.

Adware

Software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material.

Access Point

A device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi.

Algorithmic Trading

Using computer algorithms to trade automatically at high speed and volume.

Addressable Market

The total market demand for a product or service.

Ad Hoc Network

A network built spontaneously as devices connect.

Amplification Attack

A network attack that amplifies the volume of unwanted network traffic.

Analog Signal

A continuously varying signal, in contrast to a digital signal.

Analytics Platform

Software used to analyze data and provide actionable insights.

API Gateway

A tool that sits between a client and a collection of microservices, acting as a reverse proxy.

App Scaling

The ability of a cloud application to handle growth in demand.

Archival Storage

Long-term storage of inactive data which is still important.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

A communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address associated with a given IP address.

Array

A data structure consisting of a collection of elements, each identified by an array index.

As-a-Service

Providing services through the internet, often as a subscription model.

ASIC Mining

Using application-specific integrated circuits for cryptocurrency mining.

Aspect Ratio

The ratio of the width to the height of an image or screen.

Assembly Language

A low-level programming language used for a computer's microprocessor.

Asynchronous

Operations that occur without a predetermined or fixed time relation to other events.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

A networking technology that uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing.

Attachment

A file sent along with an email message.

Audit Trail

A record showing who has accessed a computer system and what operations they have performed.

Augmentation

Enhancing existing abilities or qualities using technology.

Authentication Protocol

A process that determines the identity of someone connected to a network.

Authorization

The process of giving someone permission to do or have something.

Autonomic Computing

Self-managing computing models that mimic the human autonomic nervous system.

Availability

The degree to which a system or component is operational and accessible when required.

Avatar Customization

The process of personalizing an online representation of oneself.

Blockchain

A decentralized digital ledger technology used for securely recording transactions across multiple computers.

Biotechnology

The use of biological systems, organisms, or derivatives to develop or create different products.

Big Data

Large and complex data sets that traditional data processing software cannot manage effectively.

Bandwidth

The capacity of a wired or wireless network communications link to transmit the maximum amount of data from one point to another over a computer network or internet connection in a given amount of time, usually one second.

Browser

A software application used to access and view websites.

Byte

A unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.

Biometrics

Technological measurement and statistical analysis of people's unique physical and behavioral characteristics.

Bit

A basic unit of information in computing and digital communications, representing a logical state with one of two possible values, 0 or 1.

Bluetooth

A wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength radio waves.

Backend

The part of a computer system or application that is not directly accessed by the user, typically responsible for storing and manipulating data.

Bot

An automated software program that carries out tasks over the internet.

Binary Code

The most basic form of computer code or programming data. It is represented entirely by a binary system of digits consisting of a string of consecutive zeros and ones.

Biometric Authentication

A security process that relies on the unique biological characteristics of an individual to verify their identity.

Bandwidth Throttling

The intentional slowing of internet service by an internet service provider.

Biosensor

A device that uses biological materials to detect and measure chemical substances.

B2B (Business to Business)

Refers to commercial transactions or relationships between two businesses.

B2C (Business to Consumer)

Refers to the process of selling products and services directly between a business and consumers who are the end-users of its products or services.

Benchmarking

The process of comparing one's business processes and performance metrics to industry bests or best practices.

Beta Version

A pre-release version of a software program or application that is nearly complete but may still contain some bugs.

Bitrate

The number of bits processed per unit of time, usually measured in bits per second (bps).

Bloatware

Software that has unnecessary features that use large amounts of memory and RAM.

Blog

A regularly updated website or web page, typically run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style.

Boolean Logic

A form of algebra in which all values are reduced to either TRUE or FALSE.

Bootstrap

A process of starting a computer and loading its operating system.

Botnet

A network of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners' knowledge.

Breadcrumb Navigation

A graphical control element used as a navigational aid in user interfaces.

Brute Force Attack

A trial-and-error method used to obtain information such as a user password or personal identification number.

Buffer

A region of a physical memory storage used to temporarily store data while it is being moved from one place to another.

Bug

An error, flaw or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result.

Bytecode

A form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter.

BYOD (Bring Your Own Device)

A policy allowing employees to bring personally owned devices to their workplace, and to use those devices to access privileged company information and applications.

Broadband

A high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously.

Bus

A communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers.

Business Intelligence (BI)

Technologies, applications, and practices for the collection, integration, analysis, and presentation of business information.

Business Process Automation (BPA)

The use of technology to automate complex business processes.

Biometric Verification

The process of verifying your identity with unique biological traits.

Blockchain Technology

A distributed ledger technology that maintains a continuously growing list of data records secured from tampering and revision.

Band Steering

A technique used in dual-band Wi-Fi networks to encourage dual-band capable devices to use the less crowded 5 GHz band.

Baseband

The signal range for transmitting one signal, using the minimum bandwidth.

Bash (Bourne Again Shell)

A Unix shell and command language.

Battery Management System (BMS)

A system that manages a rechargeable battery by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area.

Beacon

A small wireless device that continuously broadcasts a radio signal which nearby smartphones can receive and interpret.

Binary File

A computer file that is not a text file and is interpreted by the computer as a sequence of bytes.

Bioinformatics

An interdisciplinary field that develops and applies computational methods to analyze biological data.

Biometric Data

Data uniquely representing biological traits such as fingerprint, iris, face, voice, etc.

Black Box Testing

A method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings.

Blacklist

A list of entities who are being denied a particular privilege, service, mobility, access or recognition.

Blended Learning

An approach to education that combines online educational materials and opportunities for interaction online with traditional place-based classroom methods.

Blueprint

A detailed plan or outline that guides a project or product development.

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

A wireless personal area network technology designed and marketed for novel applications in the healthcare, fitness, beacons, security, and home entertainment industries.

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)

A genetic engineering tool used for editing genomes, allowing researchers to easily alter DNA sequences and modify gene function.

Cryptocurrency

A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security and operates independently of a central bank.

Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks, unauthorized access, or damage.

Cloud Computing

A technology that allows users to access and store data, and run applications over the internet instead of on physical hard drives.

Cognitive Computing

A subset of AI that tries to mimic human thought processes in a computerized model, involving self-learning systems.

Chatbot

A software application used to conduct an online chat conversation via text or text-to-speech, in lieu of providing direct contact with a live human agent.

Circuit Board

A physical piece of technology that holds and connects the electronic components of a device.

Compression Algorithm

A method used to reduce the size of data to save storage space or transmission time.

CAD (Computer-Aided Design)

The use of computer systems to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing inside a computer.

Cyber-Physical System

A mechanism controlled or monitored by computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the internet and its users.

Cryptography

The practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties.

Content Management System

A software application used to manage the creation and modification of digital content.

Crowdsourcing

The practice of obtaining information, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people, especially from an online community.

Cloud Storage

A service model in which data is maintained, managed, and backed up remotely and made available to users over a network (typically the internet).

Clean Energy

Energy, as electricity or nuclear power, that does not pollute the atmosphere when used, as opposed to coal and oil, that do.

Computational Biology

The study of biology using computational techniques to analyze large sets of biological data.

ChatGPT

A language model developed by OpenAI, designed to generate human-like text based on the input it receives.

Containerization (IT)

A lightweight form of virtualization that involves encapsulating an application in a container with its own operating environment.

Cyborg

A being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts, often referred to in the context of humans enhanced with technological implants.

Data Analytics

The process of analyzing raw data to find trends and answer questions.

Digital Transformation

The integration of digital technology into all areas of a business, fundamentally changing how it operates.

Distributed Ledger

A database that is consensually shared and synchronized across multiple sites, institutions, or geographies.

Deep Learning

A subset of machine learning in AI that uses neural networks with many layers.

Decentralized Finance (DeFi)

Financial services that are provided through decentralized platforms or technology.

Drone Technology

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles for various applications including surveillance, delivery, and mapping.

Data Mining

The process of discovering patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data.

Digital Currency

A digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security.

Digital Health

The convergence of digital technologies with health, healthcare, living, and society to enhance healthcare delivery.

Disruptive Technology

An innovation that significantly alters the way that consumers, industries, or businesses operate.

DevOps

Practices that combine software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten the systems development life cycle.

Data Privacy

The aspect of information technology that deals with the ability an organization or individual has to determine what data in a computer system can be shared.

Deep Web

The part of the World Wide Web that is not indexed by standard search engines.

Digital Signature

A mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents.

Data Encryption

The process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.

Digital Marketing

The component of marketing that utilizes internet and online-based digital technologies.

Domain Name System (DNS)

The system by which Internet domain names and addresses are tracked and regulated.

Distributed Computing

A field of computer science that studies distributed systems.

Dual Authentication

A security process in which the user provides two different authentication factors to verify themselves.

Data Visualization

The representation of data or information in a graph, chart, or other visual format.

E-Commerce

Buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions

E-Governance

The use of technology by government agencies to enhance the access to and delivery of government services to benefit citizens, business partners, and employees

E-Learning

Learning conducted via electronic media, typically on the Internet, enabling access to education anytime and anywhere

E-Waste

Discarded electronic appliances such as mobile phones, computers, and televisions, which can be hazardous and require special handling

Edge Computing

Distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed, to improve response times and save bandwidth

EEG (Electroencephalography)

Recording of electrical activity along the scalp, measuring voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain

Efficiency

Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense, often used in the context of energy, processes, or machines

Elasticity

The ability of a system or protocol, especially in computing, to adapt and scale as needed in response to changes in workload or demand

Electrolysis

Chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions

Electronic Health Records (EHR)

Digital version of a patient’s medical history, maintained by the provider over time, and may include all key administrative clinical data

Embedded Systems

A computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints

Encryption

Process of converting information or data into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access

Endemic

The constant presence or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area

Endpoint Security

Method of protecting corporate networks when accessed via remote devices such as laptops or other wireless and mobile devices

Energy Conservation

The effort made to reduce the consumption of energy by using less of an energy service

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Integrated management of main business processes, often in real-time and mediated by software and technology

Entrepreneurship

The process of designing, launching, and running a new business, typically a small business, starting as a small business owner

Environmental Impact

The effect of human activities and their direct and indirect impact on the environment

Epidemiology

Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems

Ethics

Moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity, often crucial in fields like AI, medicine, and business

Fintech

Financial technology blending innovative business models and technology to enhance financial services.

Fusion Energy

A form of energy generated by nuclear fusion, potentially offering a clean, abundant power source.

Facial Recognition

A technology used to identify or verify individuals' identities using their facial features.

Firmware

Permanent software programmed into the read-only memory of a device, controlling its basic functions.

Fluorescence Imaging

A technique in scientific and medical fields for visualizing structures or substances using fluorescence.

Fiber Optics

Technology using thin, flexible fibers of glass or other transparent solids to transmit light signals, primarily for telecommunications.

Firewall

A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Flexible Electronics

Electronic devices on flexible, bendable substrates, enabling new applications like foldable screens.

Forensic Analysis

The application of scientific methods and techniques in the investigation of crimes, especially relating to digital data.

Fractal Analysis

A mathematical method for analyzing and interpreting structures that exhibit self-similarity across scales.

Freeware

Software that is available for use at no monetary cost, typically with limited functionality.

Full Stack Development

The development of both front end (client side) and back end (server side) portions of a web application.

Functional Programming

A programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions, avoiding changing-state and mutable data.

5G Technology

The fifth-generation technology standard for cellular networks, offering higher speed and reduced latency.

Fog Computing

An architectural model that uses edge devices to carry out substantial computation, storage, and communication locally.

Framework

In software development, a platform for developing software applications that provides a foundation structure and set of guidelines.

Fuzzy Logic

A form of many-valued logic dealing with approximate, rather than fixed and exact reasoning, resembling reasoning in human cognitive processes.

Feedback Loop

A process in which the outputs of a system are circled back and used as inputs, common in both engineering and biology.

FAANG

An acronym for five prominent American technology companies: Facebook (Meta), Amazon, Apple, Netflix, and Google (Alphabet).

Ferroelectric Material

Materials that exhibit spontaneous electric polarization, which can be reversed by an external electric field.

Genomics

The study of genomes, the complete set of DNA in an organism, including analysis of gene sequences and their roles in biology and health.

Geothermal Energy

Renewable energy derived from the Earth's heat, used for heating, cooling, and power generation.

Gig Economy

A labor market characterized by short-term contracts or freelance work, often mediated through digital platforms.

Graphene

A one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, known for its strength, conductivity, and versatility in applications.

Green Computing

Environmentally sustainable computing, focusing on designing, manufacturing, and using devices with minimal impact on the environment.

Greenhouse Gases

Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat, contributing to global warming. Examples include carbon dioxide and methane.

Grid Computing

The use of a network of computers to work on a single problem at the same time, often for complex or data-intensive tasks.

Growth Hacking

Marketing strategies focused on rapid growth of a company, particularly startups, using cost-effective and innovative tactics.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

A user interface that includes graphical elements, like windows and icons, making it easier for users to interact with electronic devices.

Gyroscopes

Devices used to measure or maintain orientation and angular velocity, commonly used in navigation systems.

Gene Therapy

A medical technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or prevent disease, often involving the replacement of malfunctioning genes.

Gigabit Internet

High-speed internet service with data speeds of one gigabit per second or more, enhancing connectivity and data transfer rates.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A satellite-based navigation system providing location and time information globally under all weather conditions.

Grafting

A horticultural technique where tissues of plants are joined to continue their growth together, commonly used in agriculture and plant propagation.

Gravitational Waves

Ripples in spacetime caused by certain movements of mass, predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity.

Green Bond

A type of bond specifically earmarked to raise money for climate and environmental projects, typically issued by governments or corporations.

Grid-Scale Energy Storage

Large-scale storage systems designed to store electricity on an electric power grid for later use.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period, used as a measure of economic performance.

Groupware

Software designed to help people involved in a common task achieve their goals, facilitating collaborative work and communication.

Genetic Engineering

The direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology, often for agricultural, medical, or scientific purposes.

Haptic Technology

A technology that recreates the sense of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user.

Health Informatics

The interdisciplinary study of the design, development, adoption, and application of IT-based innovations in healthcare services delivery, management, and planning.

Heuristic Analysis

A problem-solving method that uses practical approaches or shortcuts for producing solutions that may not be optimal but are sufficient for immediate goals.

Hybrid Cloud

A cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on-premises, private cloud, and public cloud services with orchestration between the platforms.

Hyperautomation

An approach involving the use of multiple technologies, like AI, machine learning, and robotics, to automate as many business processes as possible.

Hyperscale Computing

A distributed computing environment scaling from a few servers to thousands, designed for horizontal scalability to provide high performance.

Hybrid Learning

An educational model where some students attend class in-person, while others join the class virtually from home.

Hashing

The process of converting an input of any length into a fixed size string of text, using a mathematical function.

Heat Map

A data visualization technique that shows the magnitude of a phenomenon as color in two dimensions.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

The foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, used for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML.

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

An extension of HTTP used for secure communication over a computer network, widely used on the Internet.

Hybrid App

A mobile app that combines elements of both native apps and web applications, often developed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Hexadecimal

A base-16 number system used in mathematics and computing, utilizing sixteen distinct symbols, 0-9 and A-F.

Human-Computer Interaction

The study of how people interact with computers and to design technologies that let humans interact with computers in novel ways.

Holography

A technique that enables three-dimensional images to be made using light diffraction to create a virtual three-dimensional image of an object.

Hertz (Hz)

The unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), defined as one cycle per second.

High-Performance Computing

The use of supercomputers and parallel processing techniques for solving complex computational problems.

Home Automation

The use of computer and information technology to control home appliances and features such as lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and security.

Hybrid Intelligence

A form of intelligence that combines the strengths of human and artificial intelligence, typically involving collaborative problem-solving.

IoT (Internet of Things)

A network of interconnected devices that communicate and exchange data, often used for smart home and industrial applications

InsurTech

Technological innovations designed to enhance and streamline the insurance industry's operations and customer experience

Immunotherapy

A medical treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight diseases, especially in cancer treatment

Inflation

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and subsequently, purchasing power is falling

ICO (Initial Coin Offering)

A fundraising mechanism in which new cryptocurrencies are sold to raise capital for new blockchain projects

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)

A unique string of numbers separated by periods, identifying each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate

Industrial Automation

The use of control systems and technologies, like robotics and computer software, to automate industrial processes

Innovative Finance

Financial solutions, models, and technologies that are created to address unmet needs in the finance sector

Information Security

Practices and processes designed to protect electronic data from unauthorized access or alterations

Impact Investing

Investments made with the intention to generate positive, measurable social and environmental impact alongside a financial return

Immersive Technology

Technology that blurs the line between the physical world and digital or simulated world, enhancing user experience

Infrared Technology

Technology that uses infrared light and heat for various applications like night vision, thermography, and remote controls

Intellectual Property

Legal rights concerning creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, and symbols

Integration Platform

A software platform that enables integration of various applications, systems, and technologies within an enterprise

Interactive Media

Media that allows active participation by the user, typically involving digital platforms and various forms of communication

Interoperability

The ability of different systems, devices, applications, or products to connect and communicate in a coordinated way

Intrusion Detection System

A device or software application that monitors a network or systems for malicious activity or policy violations

Investment Banking

A division of banking that deals with the creation of capital for other companies, governments, and other entities

IT Infrastructure

The composite hardware, software, network resources, and services required for the operation and management of an enterprise IT environment

Innovation Management

The process of managing an organization's innovation procedure, starting from the initial stage of ideation, to its final implementation

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)

A lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write, and easy for machines to parse and generate.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

A commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography.

Java

A high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

JQuery

A fast, small, and feature-rich JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML.

JRE (Java Runtime Environment)

A part of the Java Development Kit (JDK), a set of programming tools for developing Java applications.

JUnit

A simple framework to write repeatable tests, providing annotations to identify test methods and assert methods to test the test results.

JavaScript

A programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification, widely used for controlling web page behavior.

JVM (Java Virtual Machine)

A virtual machine that enables a computer to run Java programs as well as programs written in other languages that are compiled to Java bytecode.

JIRA

A proprietary issue tracking product, used for bug tracking, issue tracking, and project management.

JWT (JSON Web Token)

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)

An API for the programming language Java, which defines how a client may access a database.

JSP (JavaServer Pages)

A collection of technologies that helps software developers create dynamically generated web pages based on HTML, XML, SOAP, or other document types.

J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition)

A platform-independent, Java-centric environment from Sun for developing, building and deploying web-based enterprise applications online.

Jenkins

An open-source automation server written in Java that facilitates continuous integration and continuous delivery.

Jitter

The variation in the time between packets arriving, caused by network congestion, timing drift, or route changes.

Joystick

An input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling.

JPEG2000

An image compression standard and coding system that uses state-of-the-art compression techniques based on wavelet technology.

Jupyter Notebook

An open-source web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.

Just-In-Time Compilation (JIT)

A form of dynamic translation that compiles bytecode into executable code at runtime to improve performance.

Jargon

Special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand.

Kanban

A method for managing work and workflows, emphasizing continuous delivery without overburdening team members

Kerberos

A network authentication protocol designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications using secret-key cryptography

Key Performance Indicator (KPI)

A measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives

Kinematics

The branch of physics that studies the motion of objects without considering the forces causing the motion

Kubernetes

An open-source platform designed to automate deploying, scaling, and operating application containers

Kilobyte (KB)

A unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 bytes

Knowledge Base

A technology used to store complex structured and unstructured information used by a computer system

Kilohertz (kHz)

A unit of frequency equal to one thousand cycles per second

K-means Clustering

A method of vector quantization, originally from signal processing, that is popular for cluster analysis in data mining

Kinetic Energy

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion

Kiosk

A small physical structure (often including a computer and a display screen) that displays information for people walking by

Keratin

A type of protein that is key structural material making up hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin

Kyphosis

A forward rounding of the back. Some rounding is normal, but the term usually refers to an excessive curvature of the spine

Klystron

A specialized linear-beam vacuum tube, used as an amplifier for high radio frequencies

Knolling

The process of arranging related objects in parallel or 90-degree angles as a method of organization

Kerning

In typography, the process of adjusting the spacing between characters in a proportional font

Kaleidoscope

An optical instrument with two or more reflecting surfaces tilted to each other at an angle, so that one or more (parts of) objects on one end of the mirrors are seen as a regular symmetrical pattern when viewed from the other end

Keystone Species

A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically

Krypton

A chemical element with the symbol Kr and atomic number 36, a member of group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table

Kinesiology

The scientific study of human or non-human body movement, addressing physiological, biomechanical, and psychological dynamic principles and mechanisms of movement

Learning Analytics

The measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts, for purposes of understanding and optimizing learning and the environments in which it occurs.

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)

A method for measuring distances by illuminating the target with laser light and measuring the reflection with a sensor.

Logistics Automation

The application of computer software or automated machinery to improve the efficiency of logistics operations.

Lean Manufacturing

A systematic method for waste minimization within a manufacturing system without sacrificing productivity.

LTE (Long-Term Evolution)

A standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals.

Load Balancing

The process of distributing network or application traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliable and efficient data management.

Linux

An open-source operating system modeled on UNIX.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, or office building.

Low-Code Development

A software development approach that requires little to no coding to build applications and processes.

Legacy Systems

Older computer systems, programming languages, or application software that are used instead of available upgraded versions.

Laser Technology

The use of lasers for various applications including cutting, engraving, material processing, and measurements.

Location-Based Services

A software-level service that uses location data to control features in mobile devices.

Latency

The delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction for its transfer.

Lead Generation

The initiation of consumer interest or inquiry into products or services of a business.

Lithography

A method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water, now used in semiconductor fabrication to pattern parts of a thin film.

Lifecycle Management

The process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from inception, through engineering design and manufacture, to service and disposal.

Linear Regression

A linear approach to modelling the relationship between a scalar response and one or more explanatory variables.

Logic Gates

A device implementing a Boolean function; a gate performs a logical operation on one or more binary inputs and produces a single binary output.

Leveraged Buyout

The acquisition of another company using a significant amount of borrowed money to meet the cost of acquisition.

Loyalty Programs

A marketing strategy designed to encourage customers to continue to shop at or use the services of a business associated with the program.

Machine Learning

A subset of AI that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.

Microfinance

A type of banking service that is provided to unemployed or low-income individuals who have no other access to financial services.

Mindfulness

A mental state achieved by focusing one's awareness on the present moment, while calmly acknowledging and accepting feelings and thoughts.

Mobile Computing

The ability to use technology to wirelessly connect to and use centrally located information and/or application software through remote devices.

Molecular Biology

The branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of the macromolecules essential to life.

Monoculture

The cultivation of a single crop in a given area, which can increase efficiency but also increase dependency on a single food source.

Multimedia

The use of several different media (e.g., text, audio, graphics, animation, video) to convey information.

Mythology

A collection of myths, especially one belonging to a particular religious or cultural tradition.

Metaverse

A collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality and physically persistent virtual space.

Metallurgy

The science of extracting metals from their ores and modifying the metals for use.

Microprocessor

An integrated circuit that contains the functions of a central processing unit of a computer.

Mitochondria

Organelles found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.

Modem

A device that modulates signals to encode digital information and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information.

Momentum

The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity.

Monopoly

A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service.

Morphology

The study of the form and structure of things, in particular.

Multitasking

The ability to perform more than one task or activity over a short period of time.

Multi-Modal-AI

An AI system that can perform multiple tasks across multiple modalities, such as vision, language, and audio.

Mutation

The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations.

Myopia

A vision condition in which people can see close objects clearly, but objects farther away appear blurred.

Magnetosphere

The region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are controlled by that object's magnetic field.

Nanotechnology

The science of manipulating materials at an atomic or molecular scale to create new structures and devices.

Neural Networks

Computational models inspired by the human brain, used in machine learning to recognize patterns and make decisions.

Net Neutrality

The principle that internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, without favoring or blocking particular products or websites.

Network Security

Practices and policies designed to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources.

Neuroscience

The scientific study of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and neural networks.

NFC (Near Field Communication)

A set of communication protocols that enable two electronic devices to establish communication when they are within close proximity.

NGO (Non-Governmental Organization)

A nonprofit group that operates independently of any government, typically to address a social or political issue.

Niche Market

A focused, targetable portion of a market sector, addressing a specific need or preference within a larger market.

Nitrogen Cycle

The series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms.

Node

In networking, a connection point in a network. In blockchain, a node refers to a computer connected to a cryptocurrency network.

Noise Reduction

The process of removing unwanted sound or signal from a recording or signal.

Non-Fungible Token (NFT)

A unique digital identifier that cannot be copied, substituted, or subdivided, recorded in a blockchain, and used to certify authenticity and ownership.

Nonprofit Organization

An organization that uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its income to the organization's shareholders, leaders, or members.

Nonrenewable Resources

Natural resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which cannot be replenished or regenerated in a short period of time.

Normalization (Data)

The process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

Nuclear Energy

Energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to generate electricity.

Nuclear Fusion

A nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy.

Numerical Analysis

The study of algorithms that use numerical approximation for the problems of mathematical analysis.

Nutrition

The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.

Nanomedicine

The medical application of nanotechnology, including the use of nanoparticles for diagnosis, delivery, sensing, or actuation purposes in living organisms.

Omnichannel

A multi-channel approach to sales that seeks to provide customers with a seamless shopping experience, whether shopping online or in a brick-and-mortar store.

Oncology

The branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Open Source

Software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.

Operating System

Software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

Optimization

The process of making something as effective or functional as possible, often used in the context of mathematical, engineering, and economic systems.

Organic Search

Search engine results that are calculated through search engine algorithms and are not influenced by advertiser payments.

Outsourcing

The business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services and create goods that traditionally were performed in-house by the company's own employees.

OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)

A type of display technology, used in screens, that operates by passing electricity through organic molecules to emit light.

Omnipresent

Widely or constantly encountered; present everywhere at the same time.

Omniscient

Having complete or unlimited knowledge, awareness, or understanding; perceiving all things.

Oxidation

A chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons, often associated with rusting in metals and combustion in organic compounds.

Oscillation

Movement back and forth at a regular speed.

Osteoporosis

A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.

Oligopoly

A market structure in which a small number of firms has the large majority of market share.

Orbit

The gravitationally curved path of an object around a point in space, for example, the path of a planet around a star.

Omnivore

An animal or person that eats a variety of food of both plant and animal origin.

Opportunistic

Exploiting chances offered by immediate circumstances without reference to a general plan or moral principle.

Orthography

The conventional spelling system of a language.

Osmosis

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.

Otorhinolaryngology

The study of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

A cloud computing service that provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure.

Parallel Computing

A type of computation where many calculations or processes are carried out simultaneously, leveraging multiple processors.

Particle Physics

A branch of physics studying the nature of particles that constitute matter and radiation.

Passive Solar Design

An architectural approach that utilizes solar energy and the local climate to naturally heat and cool spaces.

Pattern Recognition

The automated recognition of patterns and regularities in data using machine learning and AI.

PCB (Printed Circuit Board)

A board used in electronics for mounting and connecting electronic components.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network

A network where two or more PCs are connected and share resources without going through a separate server computer.

Penetration Testing

A method of evaluating the security of a computer system or network by simulating an attack from malicious outsiders.

Permaculture

A system of agricultural and social design principles centered around simulating or directly utilizing the patterns observed in natural ecosystems.

Personalized Medicine

A medical model using characterization of individuals’ genetics and phenotypes to tailor a bespoke treatment plan.

Petrochemicals

Chemicals obtained from petroleum and natural gas, serving as raw materials in various chemical industries.

Pharmacogenomics

The study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs, part of precision medicine.

Photonics

The science of light (photon) generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing.

Photovoltaic Cell

A device converting solar energy into direct current electricity using semiconducting materials.

Physical Computing

Building interactive physical systems using software and hardware that can sense and respond to the analog world.

Plasma Physics

The study of charged particles and fluids interacting with self-consistent electric and magnetic fields.

Platform Economy

Economic and social activities facilitated by digital platforms that match buyers and sellers, connect peers, or link producers to consumers.

Plug-in Hybrid

A hybrid vehicle that can be recharged by plugging it into an external source of electric power, as well as by its on-board engine and generator.

Predictive Analytics

The use of data, statistical algorithms, and machine learning techniques to identify the likelihood of future outcomes based on historical data.

Prosthetics

Artificial devices replacing missing body parts, which are designed to restore a degree of normal function to the user.

Quantum Computing

A computing technology that uses the principles of quantum theory and quantum mechanics to process information.

QR Code

A type of matrix barcode that stores information as a series of pixels in a square-shaped grid, readable by digital devices.

Quantitative Analysis

The process of using statistical and mathematical models to analyze large data sets and numerical data.

Quasar

A very luminous and distant celestial object, emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy, often associated with a supermassive black hole.

Quantum Mechanics

A fundamental theory in physics describing the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles.

Quality Assurance (QA)

The maintenance of a desired level of quality in a service or product through continued testing and refinement.

Query

A request for data or information from a database or search engine.

Quantum Entanglement

A physical phenomenon that occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated or interact in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the others.

Quadratic Equation

A second-order polynomial equation in a single variable, with the form ax^2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are constants.

Quota

A limited or fixed number or amount of people or things, in particular.

Quantum Supremacy

The potential ability of quantum computing devices to solve problems that classical computers practically cannot.

Quartz

A hard, crystalline mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms, used in making jewelry and hardstone carvings.

Quantum Leap

A sudden, significant, and typically beneficial change or advance in something.

Quorum

The minimum number of members of an assembly or society that must be present at any of its meetings to make the proceedings of that meeting valid.

Quintessence

The most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.

Quarantine

A state of isolation or restricted access instituted as a security measure.

Quicksilver

A historical name for the chemical element mercury, especially when in liquid form.

Quadcopter

A type of helicopter with four rotors.

Quantum Dot

A nanocrystal used in various applications including quantum computing, medical imaging, and solar cells.

Quasi-Experiment

An empirical study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention without random assignment.

Renewable Energy

Energy sources that are replenished naturally, like solar, wind, and hydro power.

Robotics

The branch of technology involving the design, construction, and operation of robots.

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

A molecule essential for various biological roles, including coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

Radiology

The medical discipline involving the use of imaging to diagnose and treat diseases.

Regenerative Medicine

A field of medical research focused on repairing, replacing, or regenerating damaged cells, tissues, and organs.

Remote Sensing

The technique of obtaining information about objects or areas from a distance, typically from aircraft or satellites.

Risk Management

The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling threats to an organization's capital and earnings.

Retrofitting

The process of adding new technology or features to older systems.

Real-Time Processing

The handling of data or tasks immediately as they occur.

Resilience

The ability of a system or organization to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.

Responsive Design

Web design approach aimed at crafting sites to provide an optimal viewing experience across a wide range of devices.

Routing

The process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic.

Ransomware

A type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system until a sum of money is paid.

Reforestation

The natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted.

Relativity Theory

The theory in physics developed by Albert Einstein, which describes the interrelations of time, space, and matter.

Reverse Engineering

The process of extracting knowledge or design information from anything man-made and reproducing it or reproducing anything based on the extracted information.

Rehabilitation Technology

The use of technology to enhance the rehabilitation process for individuals with disabilities.

Resource Allocation

The distribution of resources, typically in business or project management, to various departments or projects.

Retinal Scan

A biometric technique that uses the unique patterns on a person's retina to identify them.

Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging)

A system for detecting the presence, direction, distance, and speed of objects by using radio waves.

Raspberry Pi

A series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation.

Real-Time Data

Data that is delivered immediately after collection, often used in the context of real-time analytics.

Reinforcement Learning

A machine learning technique that enables an agent to learn in an interactive environment by trial and error using feedback from its own actions and experiences.

Reinvention

The action or process through which something is changed so much that it appears to be entirely new.

SaaS (Software as a Service)

A software distribution model where applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over the internet.

Satellite Internet

Internet service provided through communication satellites, used especially in remote areas.

Scalability

The ability of a system, network, or process to handle a growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged to accommodate that growth.

Schema

In databases, a schema is the organization or structure for a database, defining its entities and the relationship among them.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

The practice of increasing the quantity and quality of traffic to your website through organic search engine results.

Semiconductor

A material which conducts current, but not as well as a conductor, used in electronic devices to control the flow of electricity.

Sensor Technology

Devices or systems that detect changes in environment and send this information to other electronic devices.

Server

A computer or system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other computers, known as clients, over a network.

Smart Contract

Self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code.

Smart Grid

An electricity supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage.

Social Media

Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.

Software Development

The process of conceiving, specifying, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in creating and maintaining applications or other software components.

Solar Energy

Energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

A type of mass storage device similar to a hard disk drive (HDD) but using flash memory to store data, offering faster data access.

Spam

Irrelevant or unsolicited messages sent over the Internet, typically to a large number of users, for advertising, phishing, spreading malware, etc.

Speech Recognition

The ability of a machine or program to identify words and phrases in spoken language and convert them to a machine-readable format.

SQL (Structured Query Language)

A standard programming language used in managing and manipulating databases.

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

A standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client.

Sustainability

Meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Systems Integration

The process of linking together different computing systems and software applications physically or functionally, to act as a coordinated whole.

Telemedicine

The use of digital technology to provide healthcare services remotely, improving access and efficiency.

Tensor

A mathematical object used in physics and engineering, representing data in multiple dimensions.

Terabyte (TB)

A unit of digital information storage equal to approximately 1 trillion bytes.

Thermodynamics

A branch of physics concerned with heat, energy, and their transformations.

Topology

A field in mathematics studying the properties of space that are preserved under continuous transformations.

Transistor

A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.

Turing Test

A test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

Telecommunications

The transmission of information over significant distances to communicate.

Telemetry

The process of recording and transmitting the readings of an instrument.

Tokenization

The process of converting sensitive data into unique identification symbols that retain essential information.

Transducer

A device that converts one form of energy into another, often used in measurement and control systems.

Threat Intelligence

The analysis and collection of information about existing or emerging threats to cybersecurity.

Topology Optimization

A mathematical approach in engineering design, typically used for optimizing material layout.

Tactile Sensor

A device that provides measurements regarding the physical interaction with its environment, particularly touch.

Thermistor

A type of resistor whose resistance varies significantly with temperature.

Trajectory

The path followed by a moving object through space as a function of time.

Translational Medicine

A rapidly growing field in biomedical research that aims to expedite the discovery of new diagnostic tools and treatments.

Teraflop

A unit of computing speed equal to one trillion floating point operations per second.

Troposphere

The lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to about 6-10 kilometers upward.

Thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood.

Ubiquitous Computing

A computing paradigm where computing is made to appear everywhere and anywhere using any device, in any location, and in any format.

UI (User Interface)

The space where interactions between humans and machines occur, focusing on the look and feel of the device or application.

Ultrabook

A high-end type of subnotebook defined by Intel with strict specifications for thinness, lightweight, and other features.

Ultrasonic

Sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, used in various applications like medical imaging.

UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)

A 3G mobile cellular system for networks based on the GSM standard, developed and maintained by the 3GPP.

Unstructured Data

Information that doesn't reside in a traditional row-column database and is typically text-heavy and unorganized.

Unicode

A computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems.

Unified Communications

A business and marketing concept describing the integration of enterprise communication services such as instant messaging, voice, mobility features, and video conferencing.

Unix

A family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by AT&T Bell Labs.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

An aircraft without a human pilot aboard, commonly known as a drone.

UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)

A device that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

A reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet, specifying its location on a computer network.

User Experience (UX)

The overall experience of a person using a product such as a website or a computer application, especially in terms of how easy or pleasing it is to use.

Utility Computing

A computing model in which computational resources are provided to the customer as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility.

UWB (Ultra-Wideband)

A radio technology that can use a very low energy level for short-range, high-bandwidth communications over a large portion of the radio spectrum.

UUID (Universally Unique Identifier)

A 128-bit number used to identify information in computer systems, ensuring uniqueness across space and time.

UX Design (User Experience Design)

The process of enhancing user satisfaction with a product by improving the usability, accessibility, and pleasure provided in the interaction with the product.

UML (Unified Modeling Language)

A standardized modeling language enabling developers to specify, visualize, construct, and document artifacts of software systems.

Underflow

In computing, an error condition occurring when a math operation results in a smaller number than the computer can actually represent in memory.

Upcycling

The process of transforming by-products, waste materials, or unwanted products into new materials or products of better quality or for better environmental value.

Vaccine

A biological preparation providing immunity against a specific disease

Venture Capital

Financial capital provided to early-stage, high-potential, growth startup companies

Virtual Reality

A simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from the real world

Virology

The study of viruses and virus-like agents, including their structure, classification, and evolution

Volatility

Statistical measure of the dispersion of returns for a given security or market index

Vortex

A flow pattern in a fluid that creates a spinning motion around a central axis

Vector Graphics

The use of geometric primitives such as points, lines, and curves to represent images

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)

A group of devices on one or more LANs that are configured to communicate as if they were attached to the same wire

Vulnerability

A weakness in a system that can be exploited by a threat actor

Valuation

The process of determining the present value of an asset or company

Veganism

A lifestyle choice that excludes all animal products and by-products

Ventilation

The process of supplying and removing air through a space for controlling air quality and temperature

Vernacular

The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region

Vestibular System

A complex sensory system responsible for providing the leading contribution to the sense of balance

Vitrification

The transformation of a substance into a glass-like state, typically through rapid cooling

Viscosity

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow

Vitamin

An organic compound required in small amounts as a nutrient by an organism

Vaccination

The administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop protection from a disease

Virtualization

The process of creating a virtual version of something, such as a server, storage device, or network resources

Vicarious Learning

Learning that occurs by observing the behavior of others

Wearable Technology

Electronic devices worn on the body, often capable of tracking health and fitness data.

Webinar

A seminar or presentation conducted over the internet.

Wi-Fi

A wireless networking technology that allows electronic devices to connect to the internet.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

A network that extends over a large geographical area, connecting multiple smaller networks.

Web Development

The process of creating websites and web applications.

Widget

A small application with limited functionality that can be installed and executed within a web page.

Workflow

A sequence of processes through which a piece of work passes from initiation to completion.

WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3)

The latest security protocol for Wi-Fi networks.

Wearable Computing

Microcomputers that can be worn on the body, integrating into daily activities and routines.

Web Analytics

The measurement and analysis of web data to understand and optimize web usage.

WebSocket

A communication protocol providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection.

Watt

The unit of power in the International System of Units (SI), defined as one joule per second.

Wavelength

The distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.

Web Hosting

A service that allows individuals and organizations to post a website or web page onto the Internet.

Wiki

A website that allows collaborative editing of its content and structure by its users.

Wearable Sensors

Small electronic devices worn on the body, capable of detecting and recording data about the wearer's movements and environment.

Whitespace

In computer programming, any character or series of characters that represent horizontal or vertical space in typography.

WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

A technology for wirelessly delivering high-speed internet service to large geographical areas.

Wireframe

A visual guide that represents the skeletal framework of a website or application.

Write-Protected

A feature of digital data storage devices where data cannot be modified or deleted.

XaaS (Everything as a Service)

A cloud computing term for a variety of services and applications available to users on demand via the Internet, rather than provided from a company's own on-premises servers.

XAI (Explainable AI)

AI systems designed to provide insights into their operations, offering transparency in decision-making processes of AI models.

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

A flexible text format widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures, such as those used in web services.

XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)

A security vulnerability typically found in web applications, allowing attackers to inject client-side scripts into web pages viewed by other users.

Xenobots

Programmable living robots, synthesized from biological cells, capable of moving, carrying payloads, and working together.

Xerography

A printing and photocopying technique that works on the principle of electrostatic charges, used for photocopy machines and laser printers.

Xenotransplantation

The transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from one species to another, such as from animals to humans.

Xilinx

A company known for its invention of the field programmable gate array and as the semiconductor company that created the first fabless manufacturing model.

X-ray Crystallography

A scientific method used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal by diffracting X-ray beams through the crystal.

XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence)

A technique for analyzing the elemental composition of materials by using the principle of fluorescence induced by X-ray excitation.

XNA (Xeno Nucleic Acids)

Artificially synthesized nucleic acids that can store and propagate genetic information, similar to DNA and RNA, but with different sugar backbones.

Xeriscaping

A landscaping method that reduces or eliminates the need for irrigation by using drought-resistant plants and efficient watering techniques.

XaaS (Anything as a Service)

Refers to the growing diversity of services available over the Internet via cloud computing as opposed to being provided locally, or on-premises.

X10 (Industry Standard)

A protocol for communication among electronic devices used for home automation, primarily for remote control of electrical devices.

XaaS (Xenon as a Service)

A playful term for on-demand services related to Xenon, often used in a hypothetical or humorous context.

Xenobiology

A subfield of synthetic biology that involves the design and creation of new forms of life based on biochemistry different from the standard DNA-RNA-20 amino acids found in Earth's life forms.

Xerophilic

Referring to organisms, especially fungi and bacteria, that can grow and thrive in extremely dry, moistureless environments.

Xenon Headlights

A type of high-intensity discharge (HID) headlight that uses xenon gas to produce a bright, white or blue light, used in automotive lighting.

Xenophyte

A plant that is foreign to the area in which it is found, often referring to an invasive or non-native species.

Xylotomy

The preparation and study of microscopic slices of wood to understand its structure and characteristics, used in fields like botany and archaeology.

Yield

The income return on an investment, such as interest or dividends received from holding a particular security.

Yottabyte

A unit of digital information storage equal to 1,000 zettabytes, or 10^24 bytes, representing extremely large volumes of data.

Yagi Antenna

A directional antenna consisting of multiple parallel elements in a line, typically used for radio and television broadcasting.

Yottahertz

A unit of frequency equal to one septillion hertz, or 10^24 Hz, used in scientific studies of electromagnetic waves.

Yield Curve

A graph that shows the relationship between interest rates and the maturity of different fixed-income securities issued by the same entity.

Yield Gap

The difference in the yield of two different bonds, often used as a financial indicator.

Yottasecond

A unit of time equal to one septillion seconds, or 10^24 seconds, representing an extremely long duration.

Yield Management

A pricing strategy used by businesses, especially in hospitality and transportation, to maximize revenue based on supply and demand.

Yottawatt

A unit of power equal to one septillion watts, or 10^24 watts, representing extremely high levels of power output.

Yoctosecond

A unit of time equal to one septillionth of a second, or 10^-24 seconds, used in scientific research involving very brief intervals.

Yield Strength

The amount of stress at which a material begins to deform plastically and will not return to its original shape.

Yurt

A portable, round tent covered with skins or felt, traditionally used as a dwelling by nomadic groups in Central Asia.

Yield Ratio

A ratio used in human resources to evaluate the efficiency of the hiring process by comparing the number of job offers to the number of interviews.

Y-chromosome

One of the two sex chromosomes in mammals, including humans, responsible for determining male sex characteristics.

Yen

The official currency of Japan, symbolized as ¥ and widely used in international financial transactions.

Yaws

A tropical infection of the skin, bones, and joints caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum pertenue.

Yoga

A group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines originating in ancient India, aimed at attaining inner peace and physical fitness.

Yottameter

A unit of length equal to one septillion meters, or 10^24 meters, used in astronomical and scientific measurements.

Yucca

A genus of perennial shrubs and trees in the family Asparagaceae, native to the hot and dry parts of the Americas and the Caribbean.

Yellow Journalism

A style of newspaper reporting that emphasizes sensationalism over facts, often used to attract readers and increase circulation.

Z-Wave

A wireless communication protocol primarily used for home automation, such as residential and light commercial environments.

Zero-Day Attack

A cyber-attack exploiting a previously unknown vulnerability in software or hardware, before developers have had a chance to fix it.

Zettabyte

A digital storage unit equivalent to 1024 exabytes or 1 billion terabytes, often used in discussing massive data scale.

Zigbee

A high-level communication protocol using low-power digital radios for personal area networks, such as home automation systems.

Zombie Computer

A computer connected to the internet that has been compromised by a hacker and can be used to perform malicious tasks under remote direction.

Zoom Lens

A type of camera lens that allows the focal length to change, providing variable magnification of the image without changing the lens.

Z-Buffering

A technique in computer graphics programming that manages image depth coordinates in 3D graphics, used in rendering.

Zettascale Computing

The next generation of computing performance after exascale, characterized by computing systems capable of at least one zettaflop, or a billion trillion calculations per second.

Zero Trust Security Model

A security concept centered on the belief that organizations should not automatically trust anything inside or outside their perimeters and must verify anything trying to connect to its systems before granting access.

Zepto

A metric prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10^-21 or 0.000000000000000000001.

ZIF (Zero Insertion Force)

A type of socket or connector that allows one to insert a chip without applying force, commonly used in microprocessors.

Z-Score

A statistical measurement that describes a value's relationship to the mean of a group of values, measured in terms of standard deviations from the mean.

Zettawatt

A unit of power equal to one sextillion (10^21) watts, often used in discussing outputs of massive energy sources.

Zebibyte

A unit of digital information storage equal to 1024 exbibytes, part of the binary system of data measurement.

Z-Wave Plus

An upgraded version of the Z-Wave protocol, providing longer range and higher data transmission speed for home automation.

Zoning

In networking, it refers to the partitioning of a storage area network (SAN) into smaller, isolated sub-networks for security and management.

Zoetrope

An early device that produced the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion.

Zettahertz

A unit of frequency equal to one sextillion hertz (10^21 Hz), used in theoretical discussions about extremely high frequencies.

ZFS (Zettabyte File System)

A high-performance file system and logical volume manager designed to provide high storage capacities and efficient data protection.

Zero-Knowledge Proof

A cryptographic method by which one party (the prover) can prove to another party (the verifier) that they know a value, without conveying any information apart from the fact that they know the value.